channels
Recesses cut into the surface of a board to accommodate sewing-support or endband slips or bridling threads.
Recesses cut into the surface of a board to accommodate sewing-support or endband slips or bridling threads.
Holes drilled through the thickness of a board to accommodate endband or sewing-support slips when used to attach the boards to a bookblock.
Sewing gatherings through the fold to either transverse or pierced sewing supports, as opposed to unsupported sewing that does not have any type of sewing support.
Cases which are attached to the bookblock either by lacing the endband slips and tacketing the sewing supports or lacing the sewing support slips and tacketing the endbands.
The process of sewing sewing-support and endband-core slips into channels cut in the inner or outer surface of laminated boards made from paper or animal skins.
Case-type covers which are attached to a sewn bookblock by means of lacing the sewing-support slips and/or endband core slips through the joints of the case.
The sewing supports are arranged so as to create a longer panel below the sewing support at the bottom of the spine than the panels between the sewing supports and at the head. This arrangement is usually associated with the vertical storage of books in which equal spacing will make the tail-end panel look short.
Raised bands found between the raised bands created by sewing supports and of a smaller size. Halfbands were originally created by single sewing supports (genuine halfbands) placed between larger double sewing supports on 15th-century German bindings, but by the 1480's the single supports began to be replaced by false bands (false halfbands), a practice found also in Italy in the mid-16th century.
The sewing supports are arranged so as to create panels at head and tail that are shorter than the panels between the sewing supports. This arrangement was often used for less expensive bindings in the early 16th century that do not have endbands, in which placing the sewing supports closer to the head and tail compensated for the lack of structural endbands.
A technique first used when sewing on recessed single sewing supports where the thread, instead of going around the sewing supports is simply passed across the back of them in the recesses. This took less time and allowed the thread to be tensioned at the change-over station at the end of each gathering rather than at each sewing support, as was necessary when passing the thread around the supports (wound sewing), further accelerating the process. In England, this technique came into use in the first half of the seventeenth century. A similar economy was also possible with flat sewing supports such as parchment and textile tapes, in which the thread passes across the back of the supports and not around them, leaving a gap in the thread which is the width of the sewing supports visible on the inside of the gatherings at each sewing support (also known as tape sewing, Etherington and Roberts). This has been recorded in England from as early as the first decade of the eighteenth century, but does not become common until the mid-century.
Nicholas Pickwoad (1994), “Onward and Downward: How Binders Coped with the Printing Press before 1800”, in A Millennium of the Book: Production, Design and Illustration in Manuscript and Print 900-1900, edited by Michael Harris and Robin Myers, Publishing Pathways 8, Winchester, St. Paul’s Bibliographies, pp. 61–106.
Roberts, Matt, Don Etherington, and Margaret R. Brown. 1982. Bookbinding and the conservation of books: a dictionary of descriptive terminology. Washington: Library of Congress.