condition

Glossary of the paper conservation group of the American Institute for Conservation

"This page was created to gather together the various glossaries found in the Paper Conservation Wiki. Included so far are the glossaries from Adhesives, Hinge, Tape, and Adhesive Removal, Mold, and Written Documentation. This page may eventually be merged with the AIC Wiki Lexicon. Readers may also wish to consult CAMEO or the Ligatus Language of Bindings".

Entries arranged alphabetically. Identifies which section of the Paper Conservation Wiki the term is drawn from - and where further information would be available. Very few references.

Website: "The written documentation glossary is written for paper conservators, related professionals, and other persons who read written documentation created by paper conservators. The glossary's intent is to define specialized terminology used in condition and treatment reports which is not defined in general dictionaries, either adequately or at all. While a completely standardized vocabulary does not yet exist in the field, this glossary is an attempt to gather terms in general use and their meanings. Some terms are more widely used than others, and usage may vary according to individual conservators. Not included in the glossary are terms describing artist's techniques and media which have been well covered in a growing body of literature, such as William Ivins, How Prints Look, Felix Brunner, A Handbook of Graphic Reproduction Processes, Paul Goldman, Looking at Prints, Drawings and Watercolours, etc. "

The AAT is a thesaurus containing generic terms, dates, relationships, sources, and notes for work types, roles, materials, styles, cultures, techniques, and other concepts related to art, architecture, and other cultural heritage (e.g., amphora, oil paint, olieverf, acetolysis, sintering, orthographic drawings, Olmeca, Rinascimento, Buddhism, watercolors, asa-no-ha-toji, sralais). "The four Getty vocabularies are intended to provide terminology and other information about the objects, artists, concepts, and places important to various disciplines that specialize in art, architecture, and material culture. The AAT contains generic terms; it contains no iconographic subjects and no proper names. That is, each concept is a case of many (a generic thing), not a case of one (a specific thing). For example, the generic term cathedral is in the AAT, but the specific proper name Chartres Cathedral is out of scope for the AAT (it would be included in CONA instead)."

Search field - scope note, other terms, hierarchical position, references

BSI BRITISH STANDARDS. (2011). Conservation of cultural property. Main general terms and definitions. London, BSI British Standards.

"This standard is part of a series of standards being developed by CEN/TC 346. It provides terms and their definitions for a set of general concepts which are widely used by those working in the field of conservation of tangible cultural heritage. Its purpose is to bring greater understanding and encourage collaboration amongst those who have responsibility for or an interest in cultural heritage. .. The tangible cultural heritage comprises both immovable items (e.g. buildings, structures) and movable items (e.g. archival documents, works of art)."

1.Scope, 2. Normative references, 3. Terms and definitions: 3.1 Cultural heritage terms, 3.2 Condition terms, 3.3 Conservation terms, 3.4 Preventive conservation terms, 3.5 Remedial conservation and restoration terms, 3.6 Planning and documentation terms. All terms have translation in French and German.

CAMEO is a searchable information resource developed by the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. The MATERIALS database contains chemical, physical, visual, and analytical information on historic and contemporary materials used in the production and conservation of artistic, architectural, archaeological, and anthropological materials.

Use Search Field. Entries arranged alphabetically.

In addition to materials database: "Also includes FRIL (Fiber Reference Image Library) is a database of images of textile fibers acquired through the use of multiple microscopic techniques (brightfield, darkfield, polarized light, and differential interference contrast) to provide complementary information contributing to identification and characterization." Also DYE ANALYSIS section of CAMEO. "This new resource is seminal to the scientific art analysis world because it provides critical analytical parameters for the analysis of synthetic and natural dyes using state-of-the-art liquid chromatographic and mass spectrometric equipment. The site is organized into categories of Natural and Synthetic Dyes with sub-categories of dyes found on cultural artifacts."

Website: "This Note explains the terminology used by conservators in condition reports for paintings. It will help museum personnel write and maintain accurate condition report records. For detailed information on examination and condition reporting, refer to CCI Notes 10/6 Condition Reporting — Paintings. Part I: Introduction and 10/7 Condition Reporting — Paintings. Part II: Examination Techniques and a Checklist. Technical terms used in other CCI Series 10 Notes are also defined in this glossary."

Listed on one page. Terms are listed alphabetically; followed by their French translation; terms within a definition that are in bold letters can be found as entries in the glossary; “Other term(s)” provides synonyms for the term being defined; “See also” refers to one or many related terms; “See” refers to the term under which the concept is defined; a French–English index, in alphabetical order of French terms, is provided at the end

RAINER, L., GRAVES, K., MAEKAWA, S., GITTINS, M., & PIQUÉ, F. (2017). Conservation of the architectural surfaces in the tablinum of the House of the Bicentenary, Herculaneum: phase 1, examination, investigations, and condition assessment.

Getty Summary: " The Herculaneum Project for the conservation of the architectural surfaces in the tablinum of the House of the Bicentenary (Casa del Bicentenario) is a pilot project, undertaken by the Getty Conservation Institute in collaboration with the Herculaneum Conservation Project and the Archaeological Park of Herculaneum, to study and conserve the wall paintings and mosaic pavement in this room as an example of a conservation methodology that can be used for similar surfaces on other archaeological sites in the Vesuvian region.

This project report documents the examination, investigations, and condition assessment carried out in the tablinum of the House of the Bicentenary during Phase I of the project (2011–16). Chapters include: Description of Architectural Surfaces; Reconstruction and Remounting Materials and Techniques of the Wall Paintings; Previous Interventions (1939–2011); Environmental Assessment; Scientific Report on the Wall Paintings; and Conditions of the Wall Paintings.

The chapters incorporate photographic and graphic documentation illustrating the material discussed. Also included in the report are an illustrated glossary of terms and a selected bibliography of references related to the topic.

Chapters 1 - 6 excavation report. Followed by 'Illustrated Glossary, Architectural surfaces in the tablinium of the House of the Bicentenary'

"This illustrated glossary of documentation terms establishes the vocabulary used to graphically record physical evidence of original technique, previous interventions, and conditions, observed or undertaken during the study of the wall paintings in the tablinum of the House of the Bicentenary at the archaeological site of Herculaneum from 2012 to the present. For each term, the glossary provides a definition, the symbol used in the graphic documentation, and a representative image. Condition definitions are based on visible examination and scientific research. This glossary is a working document. It is intended to be updated as necessary."

BEÖTHYNÉ KOZOCSA, & ALBRECHTNÉ KUNSZERI. (1997). Dictionary of book and paper conservation in five languages. Budapest, Országos Széchényi Könyvtár.

Preface: "This dictionary contains the terms most frequetly used to refer to basic techniques, materials, tools and equipment applied in book and paper conservation, bookbinding and certin techniques of print and drawing. Entries are arranged alphabetically in each of the five divisions and the finding of synonymes for the Hungarian terms is facilitated by a cross reference system. The words in brackets are meant as clues to, rather than explanations of, the precise meaning of the terms.W Described as a dictionary but no scope notes given. A translation aid - the terms are given in Hungarian; German; English; French, Italian

PDF: 62 pages (for version starting with English language). Each line has one word in five languages. No scope notes. Book: Five sections - one per language - in which the entries are arranged alphabetically according to the main language. English as the lead language - 76 pages, 16 entries per page

BUCHER, W. W. (1996). Dictionary of building preservation. New York [etc.], Preservation Press.

Introduction: "[This book] is intended to serve two main purposes: first, to clarify the specialized terms used in the preservation field in the United States and Canada; and second, to allow a recorder to fully describe a historic resource".

Alphabetical list, linked terms in scope notes highlighted in bold

English definitions with translations into Bulgarian, Croatian, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Romanian, Spanish and Turkish. "The EwaGlos project, and this publication which arises as a result of it, represents an important step to create a much neededtool to facilitate communication across cultures and languages through the medium of word and image."

"450 pages with an English introduction, the illustrated glossary, a materials appendix (practically without figures), and eleven indices (one for each language), as well as a bibliography." The work is divided into: (a) Art and Craft Techniques: Construction, Surface Design, Construction aids (b) Condition: Deterioration Sources, Deterioration Phenomena (C) Interventions: Documentation and Investigation, Preventive Conservation, Conservation, Restoration (d) Materials Appendix.

Site: El objetivo de este Glosario es presentar una serie de términos utilizados corrientemente en los estudios sobre la alteración de las rocas como materiales de construcción y, en particular, en los de deterioración de las piedras de los monumentos... Dichos términos aluden a diferentes aspectos (procesos, fenómenos, mecanismos, etc.), aun cuando
la mayor parte de ellos son de carácter descriptivo, y se refieren a estados y formas de alteración macroscópicas de las piedras, detectables a simple vista. " Created 1988

Nogueira (ed.) (1988). Glossary of Basic Archival and Library Conservation Terms. English with equivalents in Spanish, German, Italian, French and Russian. ICA (International Counciil on Archives) Handbooks Series Volume 4.

Introduction: "This Glossary is a first attempt to fill what has been perceived by the Conservation and Restoration Committee of the International Council on Archives as a serious gap in the range of publications available to archivists, librarians, and conservators on the all-important subject of archive and library conservation."

Alphabetically listed, short scope note, translation of English term into five other languages

"Graphics Atlas is a sophisticated resource that presents a unique, object-based approach for the identification and characterization of prints and photographs. Includes visual guides for colour, deterioration, etc." This includes a controlled vocabulary.

Divided into four processes - pre-photographic, photomechanical, photographic, digital. Each then subdivided. Very detailed scope notes and images.

Definition of terms from various sources: Mosaics - Illustrated Glossary - Technician Training for the Maintenance of In Situ Mosaics. 2014, by Getty Conservation Institute and Institut National du Patrimoine (Tunis); ICOMOS-ISCS: Illustrated glossary on stone deterioration patterns; EwaGlos – European Illustrated Glossary of Conservation Terms for Wall Paintings and Architectural Surfaces; Petra (Jordan) Archaeological Park Weathering and Deterioration Definitions in English and Arabic
Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2015, Germany. Translations into Bulgarian, Croatian, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Romanian, Spanish and Turkish.

One page, list of terms arranged alphabetically. Brief scope notes

BURDEN, E. E. (2004). Illustrated dictionary of architectural preservation: restoration, renovation, rehabilitation, reuse. New York, McGraw-Hill.

Introduction: "This architectural dictionary carries .. [the function of a dictionary] … to another level , by illustrating many of the definitions with photographs of the elements in their location on the structures… There are two other dsitinctive features of this dictionary. First, there are listings of many historic architects... Second, there are listings of many historic preservation architectural firms practicing today who renovated the buildings that were created by the historic architects listed."

Entries arranged alphabetically

Includes names of architects, architectural firms

COMITÉ SCIENTIFIQUE INTERNATIONAL PIERRE, & VERGÈS-BELMIN, V. (2010). Illustrated glossary on stone deterioration patterns. Paris, ICOMOS.

(ICOMOS) "The ISCS glossary constitutes an important tool for scientific discussions on decay phenomena and processes. It is also an excellent basis for tutorials on stone deterioration. It is based on the careful examination of pre-existing glossaries of English terms. It does not aim at replacing these glossaries, often set up originally in a language other than English, and for most of them done to a high standard."

"The glossary is arranged into 6 families composed of 2 to 11 terms :
General terms, Crack and deformation, Detachment, Features induced by material loss,
Discoloration and deposit, Biological colonization."

ANSON-CARTWRIGHT, T. (2010). Illustrated glossary on stone deterioration patterns = Illustriertes Glossar der Verwitterungsformen von Naturstein. Paris, ICOMOS, International Scientific Committee for Stone (ISCS).

"The objective of this glossary is to establish a common and unambiguous vocabulary for the recording of the conditions of and interventions on in situ floor mosaics. The terms in the glossary are divided into CURRENT CONDITION, defined in written form and illustrated, and CURRENT INTERVENTION, only defined in written form. This mosaic glossary is by no means comprehensive and must be considered a "base" document that could be adapted and added to as necessary."

Illustrated glossary. Each scope note accompanied by an image.

ALBERTI, L., BOURGUIGNON, E., CARBONARA, E., ROBY, T., & SEGURA ESCOBAR, J. (2013). Illustrated glossary: technician training for the maintenance of in situ mosaics.
Getty: "This accompanying document to the handbook, Technician Training for the Maintenance of In Situ Mosaics, provides definitions of terms commonly used to document construction techniques, previous interventions, and conditions of mosaics." Also available as French and Arabic versions.

Brief scope notes - relying on images

Divided into 1. Stratigraphy, 2. Floor Types, 3. Previous Interventions, 4. Condition Assessment, 5. Current Interventions

DOHERTY, T., & WOOLLETT, A. T. (2009). Looking at paintings: a guide to technical terms. Los Angeles, J. Paul Getty Museum.

Presents concise and readable glossary of the technical terms most often countered by museum-goers. This new edition pays special attention to the processes and methods of paintings conservation; it also offers definitions and examples of materials and techniques--such as color field and collage--that did not appear in the earlier volume. With illustrations, all in color, that have been specially chosen from the masterpieces in the J. Paul Getty Museum and other collections, this book will be invaluable to all those wishing to increase their understanding and enjoyment of the art of painting.

Foreword: " This guide is intended as a guide for the museum visitor who wishes to know more about the materials and techniques of the paintings, as well as the rerminology used to describe their visual effects".

Alphabetical entries. No references in scope notes. Index of entries at end.

Paintings. Preface to the revised edition: " This new edition reflects the impact of trends in the field of art history and in painitng conservation in recent years. Terms from the practice of conservation have come to infomr the discussion and interpretation of paintings in exhibitions and in didactic materials within museums today. A substantial number of terms related to condition and process, both historical and scientific, have been added to the original text."

One page, list of terms arranged alphabetically. Brief scope notes

Weathering and deterioration of stone. With images. In Arabic and English.

1. Detachment of stone material (followed by 1.1 - 1.5); 2. Loss of stone material (2.1 - 2.7); 3. Formation of deposits on the stone material (3.1 - 3.10); 4. Cracking (4.1 - 4.3); 5. Structural instability (no subgroups); 6. Collapsed wall; 7. Deterioration of plaster and mortar (7.1 - 7.3); References (3 listed).

Website: "Learn how to identify damage and deterioration by comparing it to our glossary image and description... This resource has been compiled by conservators all over Australia under the guiding hand of Alice Cannon. The definitions used in this glossary are informed by those used in reCollections". "reCollections is a six-volume Australian publication about caring for a wide range of collection materials, developed by Artlab and Australian conservators for the Heritage Collections Council. It includes information about collection storage, display and handling and a glossary."

Condition theaurus. Image based: image illustrate terms. Click on term associated with image to see scope note and other images illustratin the term. No references in scope notes.

Objects, book, print, media